What are "Steroid"? Why is it strictly forbidden to use for athletes?

The Steroids (Steroid) is the abbreviated name of the medicine with a name that is full "Anabolic Androgenic Steroids" or "Anabolic Steroids." "Anabolic" refers to muscle building, and "androgenic" refers to increased male sex characteristics.

Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of the male sex hormone testosterone, which act similar to Testosterone to help muscle growth by injecting into different muscle parts or taken orally. These drugs have many effects and indications.
On many occasions, especially for treating diseases or other hard-to-cure illnesses, steroids have been used successfully. But, unfortunately, steroids have also found a place in the sports and bodybuilding industry over the many years, where steroids have given athletes and bodybuilders an unfair advantage. Because of this and many other negative reasons, congress passed the Anabolic Steroid Act of 1990 to respond to the increasing levels of illicit traffic in steroids.

How many types of steroids are there?

There are two types of drug use patterns:

1. Steroids that are not taken orally or via intramuscular injections. These are classified according to the form of the drug and used as follows. Topical (cream, lotion, leavened bees) to treat allergic rashes, hives, dermatitis, and psoriasis. Eye drops and ear drops for treating allergies or inflammation of the eyes and ears. Nasal spray for treating allergies with nasal symptoms, rhinitis. Throat spray for asthma Allergy that causes asthma symptoms

2. Oral and injectable steroids Although many types of steroids sometimes treat some conditions, these necessary to use only through oral pills or injections, such as for certain types of allergies, severe asthma, immune disease, people who have undergone organ transplant surgery, etc., and external drugs.

Suppose eating or injecting small steroid dosages for a short period usually does not cause severe adverse reactions. However, eating or injecting continuously for a long time will cause many serious adverse effects. Steroids and athletes Some athletes use steroids because they can help burn body fat faster, allow muscles to grow more quickly, and help restore muscle fibers and recover from injuries. Although sometimes the doctor prescribes drugs for athletes to relieve muscle injuries, it is also possible to mix them with steroids. Therefore it is a prohibited substance for athletes. The dangers of using steroid drugs Extended use of such steroids will cause many serious adverse effects such as but not limited including:

• Infection (Immunosuppressants).
• Diabetes ( high blood sugar).
• Swelling.
• High blood pressure (drugs that decrease the water but increases fat accumulation in the face, back, and stomach).
• Osteoporosis (drugs can disturb the balance of bone formation).
• Gastrointestinal ulcers.
• Wrinkled skin and thin eyes are due to abnormal adrenal function.
• Interferes the growth in children, etc.

References:
Bertram GK, eds. Basic and clinical pharmacology, 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK. Pharmacology, 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2003.